CHAPTER 1
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In view of the foregoing disadvantages inherent in the known types of air freshener now present in the prior art, the present invention provides a new solar-power battery air freshener with oscillating fan construction wherein the same can be utilized for providing a device with solar-power battery utilizing the energy derived from natural sunlight or light emitted from regular room light fixture. The solar-power battery is operationally connected to an oscillating device wherein a fan is connected. The oscillating or to and fro movement of the fan moves fragrance emitted from the volatile substance of the fragrance out of the housing to the room or vehicle being freshened.
The general purpose of the present invention, which will be described subsequently in greater detail, is to provide a new solar-power battery air freshener with oscillating fan that has many of the advantages of the air freshener mentioned heretofore and many novel features that result in a new solar-power battery air freshener with oscillating fan which is not anticipated, rendered obvious, suggested, or even implied by any of the prior art air freshener, either alone or in any combination thereof.
To attain this, the present invention generally comprises a solar-power battery is attached to a housing which contains a circuit a coil and magnets connected to a vertical iron plates. The vertical iron plate's upper portion is connected to a shaft which gives the iron plate the mobility to oscillate due to the reaction of the coil and the magnet.
A bracket is attached to the iron plate in such a manner that a fan can be attached to the bracket. The container which has fragrance emitting substance is directly under the fan. When the oscillating motion of the fan takes place because of the interaction of all the component parts of my invention, fragrance air is forced out of the housing through the air vents strategically located on the housing of my invention
The solar-power battery is a device which absorbs the energy emitted from sunlight or light from regular light fixtures and transforms the energy into power. The housing is a formed or injected container made of elastic or molded material. A circuit is a path which provides a continuous passage of electricity. A coil is a winded wire usually made of copper. The fan is a molded or injected component structure which is designed to move or circulate air when in operation. The container is a molded, injected, or stamped structure normally used to hold substances in solid or liquid form. The fragrance is the scent emitted by pleasant odor producing substance. The air vent is a passage normally in a structure which permits air flow to and from the structure. The magnet is a body which attracts metal. The iron plate is a formed metal structure. A shaft is a cylindrical, slender metal object. A bracket is a formed part designed to serve as a support.
1.2 INTRODUCTION ABOUT SOLAR ENERGY
Solar energy has the greatest potential of all the sources of renewable energy and if only a small amount of this form of energy could be used, it will be one of the most important supplies of energy especially when other sources in the country have depleted. It can be harvested by using solar panel. In India, electrical and diesel-powered water pumping systems are widely utilized for irrigation applications. The continuous exhaustion of conventional energy sources and their environmental impacts have created an interest in choosing RESs such as solar-photovoltaic, solar-thermal, wind energy, producer gas and biomass sources to power water pumping systems. The need for the optimum utilization of water and energy resources has become a vital issue during the last decade
An electric battery is a device consisting of one or more electrochemical cells that convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy. Each cell contains a positive terminal, or cathode, and a negative terminal, or anode. Electrolytes allow ions to move between the electrodes and terminals, which allows current to flow out of the battery to perform work. DC powered pumps use direct current from battery to move fluid from the reservoir and send it through the copper tube connected in the outlet of the dc pump and the copper tube containing water is allowed to pass through a vessel containing hot water .the heat from the hot water are passes to copper tube and water flowing through copper tube absorb water from the tube .this setup acts as a heat exchanger
Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the sun harnessed using a range of ever-evolving technologies such as solar heating, solar photovoltaic, solar thermal energy, solar architecture and artificial photosynthesis. It is an important source of renewable energy and its technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar or active solar depending on the way they capture and distribute solar energy or convert it into solar power about half the incoming solar energy reaches the Earth's surface.
The Earth receives 174 pet watts (PW) of incoming solar radiation (insolation) at the upper atmosphere. Approximately 30% is reflected back to space while the rest is absorbed by clouds, oceans and land masses. The spectrum of solar light at the Earth's surface is mostly spread across the visible and near-infrared ranges with a small part in the near-ultraviolet.
Earth's land surface, oceans and atmosphere absorb solar radiation, and this raises their temperature. Warm air containing evaporated water from the oceans rises, causing atmospheric circulation or convection. When the air reaches a high altitude, where the temperature is low, water vapor condenses into clouds, which rain onto the Earth's surface, completing the water cycle. The latent heat of water condensation amplifies convection, producing atmospheric phenomena such as wind, cyclones and anti-cyclones. Sunlight absorbed by the oceans and land masses keeps the surface at an average temperature of 14 °C. By photosynthesis green plants convert solar energy into chemical energy, which produces food, wood and the biomass from which fossil fuels are derived.
The total solar energy absorbed by Earth's atmosphere, oceans and landmasses is approximately 3,850,000 exajoules (EJ) per year. In 2002, this was more energy in one hour than the world used in one year. Photosynthesis captures approximately 3,000 EJ per year in biomass. The technical potential available from biomass is from 100–300 EJ/year. The amount of solar energy reaching the surface of the planet is so vast that in one year it is about twice as much as will ever be obtained from all of the Earth's non-renewable resources of coal, oil, natural gas, and mined uranium combined,
Solar energy refers primarily to the use of solar radiation for practical ends. However, all renewable energies, other than geothermal and tidal, derive their energy from the sun Solar technologies are broadly characterized as either passive or active depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute sunlight. Active solar techniques use photovoltaic panels, pumps, and fans to convert sunlight into useful outputs. Passive solar techniques include selecting materials with favorable thermal properties, designing spaces that naturally circulate air, and referencing the position of a building to the Sun.
Active solar technologies increase the supply of energy and are considered supply side technologies, while passive solar technologies reduce the need for alternate resources and are generally considered demand side technologies. CSP-Sterling is known to have the highest efficiency of all solar technologies (around 30%, compared to solar PV's approximately 15%) and is predicted to be able to produce the cheapest energy among all renewable energy sources in high scale production and hot areas, semi-deserts, etc.
1.3 PRINCIPLE OF SOLAR PANEL
Solar power and solar panels are getting a lot of attention as part of the solution to our energy crisis. Solar energy, also called photovoltaic energy, is undergoing rapid changes thanks to massive investment in research and development. This article will discuss the basic makeup of photovoltaic in hopefully easy-to-understand terms.
A solar panel is made of several photovoltaic cells. The cells are very thin, about 1/100th of an inch thick and usually 3 to 4 inches square. These cells convert sunlight to energy by the photovoltaic effect (we will discuss this effect in detail in a later article). These cells do not require fuel and have a standard lifetime of 20-30 years.
Photovoltaic (PV) cells are assembled together to create a solar module. The module is what you are used to seeing as a panel. It has anywhere from 2 to 200 cells assembled together, encased in tempered glass and aluminium to make them weather resistant
Like batteries, cells can be combined in series or in parallel to create larger and more specific voltages and amperages. For instance, four 1-volt/1-amp cells in series will combine for 4 volts, but the amperage will stay at 1 amp. By contrast, four 1-volt/1-amp cells in parallel will maintain 1 volt but have 4 amps of output. You can multiply the amperage by the wattage (in the example above 4 x 1) to get the watts generated. A watt is a measure of energy (think of a 40-watt light bulb).
Modules can be made in a many sizes and shapes to fit their application. Panels come in standard rectangular, triangular, foldable, and even thin-film rolls. This means they can be used in a wide variety of applications, from boats and rv's to electric cars and space stations.
Modules are combined to create solar arrays. An array is a group of modules assembled together and designed to meet a certain electrical load. You've probably seen most arrays mounted on the rooftops of homes. These arrays are designed to generate a certain amount of electricity over the course of a year.
Generally solar modules convert about 10-15% of the energy that strikes them into electricity. This means that for every 100 units of energy that actually hit the panel, only 15 of them actually enter the home as electricity. This is the biggest area of research now, as scientists recognize that significant advancements in solar efficiency will lead to cheaper solar energy.
Panels generate direct current (DC) electricity. Think of a garden hose that is simply turned on produces water in a steady stream. Most household electronics and the electrical power grid are designed to take alternating current (AC) power. Now imagine that the water of coming out of the garden hose is being turned off and on so quickly that it has a "pulse". This is done because AC power travels over long distances much more efficiently.
To understand the basic principle of battery properly, first, we should have some basic concept of electrolytes and electrons affinity. Actually, when two dissimilar metals or metallic compounds are immersed in an electrolyte, there will be a potential difference produced between these metals or metallic compounds.
It is found that, when some specific compounds are added to water, they get dissolved and produce negative and positive ions. This type of compound is called an electrolyte. The popular examples of electrolytes are almost all kinds of salts, acids, and bases etc.
The energy released during accepting an electron by a neutral atom is known as electron affinity. As the atomic structure for different materials are different, the electron affinity of different materials will differ. If two different kinds of metals or metallic compounds are immersed in the same electrolyte solution, one of them will gain electrons and the other will release electrons. Which metal (or metallic compound) will gain electrons and which will lose them depends upon the electron affinities of these metals or metallic compounds.
The metal with low electron affinity will gain electrons from the negative ions of the electrolyte solution. On the other hand, the metal with high electron affinity will release electrons and these electrons come out into the electrolyte solution and are added to the positive ions of the solution.
This way one of these metals or compounds gains electrons and another one loses electrons. As a result, there will be a difference in electron concentration between these two metals. This difference of electron concentration causes an electrical potential difference to develop between the metals. This electrical potential difference or emf can be utilized as a source of voltage in any electronics or electrical circuit. This is a general and basic principle of battery.
1.4 PRINCIPLE OF DC PUMP
Fuel pumps come in various shapes and sizes and of various. But if you understand the working principle of at least one of the pumps, others should follow suit. In this article I will explain the working of a typical valve controlled fuel pump. You will be in a better position to understand the text below if you correlate it with the adjacent diagram.
The pump plunger is moved upwards by the two piece came through the roller and the guide plunger. A spring forces the guide plunger with the roller down on to the cam, while a second spring presses the pump plunger on to the guide plunger, returning the latter
The suction valve is controlled by spring loaded pins. Pins, which is of adjustable length, obtains motion from the guide plunger through the lever with unequal arms, which rests on the eccentric of the regulating shaft.
CHAPTER 2
MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1COMPONENTS
2.1.1 SOLAR PANEL
Solar energy can be harnessed at different levels around the world, mostly depending on distance from the equator, under the sun, a photovoltaic cell acts as a photosensitive diode that instantaneously converts light – but not heat – into electricity
.
A top, phosphorus-diffused silicon layer carries free electrons – un-anchored particles with negative charges. A thicker, boron doped bottom layer contains holes, or absences of electrons, that also can move freely. In effect, precise manufacturing has instilled an electronic imbalance between the two layers.
Photons bombard and penetrate the cell. They activate electrons, knocking them loose in both silicon layers. Some electrons in the bottom layer sling-shot to the top of the cell.
These electrons flow into metal contacts as electricity, moving into a circuit throughout a 60-cell module. Electrons flow back into the cell via a solid contact layer at the bottom, creating a closed loop or circuit. A PV system typically consists of 4 basic components.
The PV Array: Electricity is generated by solar cells. Individual solar cells are grouped together into a solar “panel” or “module”. Then, several solar modules are grouped together to form a PV array.
The inverter: Power produced by the PV array is direct current, or DC power. That power needs to be converted to alternating current, or AC power, before it can be connected to the utility grid. The inverter is the heart of the system and is responsible for performing this conversion safely and efficiently.
The Utility Meter: The utility meter tells you – and the power company – how much power you’re using as well as how much power you have fed into the utility grid. Many states have programs that credit you for the power that you generate and feed into the grid. The meter tracks the amount of each.
Performance Monitoring: Various forms of meters ranging from simple displays to wireless monitors and web-based data access are used to track the performance of PV systems. There are several options available to suit your specific needs. Engaged in take-back and recycling operations for end-of-life modules. Recycling possibilities depend on the kind of technology used in the modules:
Silicon based modules: aluminum frames and junction boxes are dismantled manually at the beginning of the process This process can be performed by flat glass recyclers since morphology and composition of a PV module is similar to those flat glasses used in the building and automotive industry.
The recovered glass for example is readily accepted by the glass foam and glass insulation industry Over 95 % of all the solar cells produced in the world consist of the semiconductor material silicon (Si).
Silicon has the advantage of being available in sufficient amounts as it is the second most common element in the Earth’s crust.
Moreover, the crystal can be processed in an environmentally compatible way
Over 95 % of all the solar cells produced in the world consist of the semiconductor material silicon (Si). Silicon has the advantage of being available in sufficient amounts as it is the second most common element in the Earth’s crust. Moreover, the crystal can be processed in an environmentally compatible way
There are three cell types, depending on the type of crystal: mono crystalline, polycrystalline and amorphous. The different cell types differ in terms of their production costs and the different efficiency values.
The efficiency values of amorphous cells ("thin-film cells") are below those of the other two cell types; but then they are cheaper due to the less cost-intensive manufacturing process.
Most parts of a solar module can be recycled including up to 97% of certain semiconductor materials or the glass as well as large amounts of ferrous and non-ferrous metals. Some private companies and non-profit organizations are currently
.
Non-silicon based modules: they require specific recycling technologies such as the use of chemical baths in order to separate the different semiconductor materials. For cadmium telluride modules, the recycling process begins by crushing the module and subsequently separating the different fractions.
This recycling process is designed to recover up to 90% of the glass and 95% of the semiconductor materials contained. Some commercial-scale recycling
Facilities have been created in recent years by private companies.
2.1.2 DC BATTERY
An electric battery is a device consisting of one or more electrochemical cells that convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy. Each cell contains a positive terminal, or cathode, and a negative terminal, or anode. Electrolytes allow ions to move between
The electrodes and terminals, which allows current to flow out of the battery to perform work. Primary (single-use or "disposable") batteries are used once and discarded; the electrode materials are irreversibly changed during discharge.
Common examples are the alkaline battery used for flashlights and a multitude of portable devices. Secondary (rechargeable batteries) can be discharged and recharged multiple times; the original composition of the electrodes can be restored by reverse current.
Examples include the lead-acid batteries used in vehicles and lithium ion batteries used for portable electronics are usually assembled with active materials are usually assembled with active materials are usually assembled with active materials are usually assembled with active materials
Recharged by applying electric current, which reverses the chemical reactions that occur during discharge/use. Devices to supply the appropriate current are called chargers The oldest form of rechargeable battery is the lead–acid battery.
This technology contains liquid electrolyte in an unsealed container, requiring that the battery be kept upright and the area be well ventilated to ensure safe dispersal of the hydrogen gas it produces during overcharging. The lead–acid battery is relatively heavy for the amount of electrical energy it can supply.
Its low manufacturing cost and its high surge current levels make it common where its capacity (over approximately 10 Ah) is more important than weight and handling issues. A common application is the modern car battery, which can, in general, deliver a peak current of 450 amperes.
The sealed valve regulated lead–acid battery (VRLA battery) is popular in the automotive industry as a replacement for the lead–acid wet cell. The VRLA battery uses an immobilized sulfuric acid electrolyte, reducing the chance of leakage and extending shelf life VRLA batteries immobilize the electrolyte.
The two types are Gel batteries (or "gel cell") use a semi-solid electrolyte. Absorbed Glass Mat (AGM) batteries absorb the electrolyte in a special fiberglass matting. Other portable rechargeable batteries include several sealed "dry cell" types, which are useful in applications
Such as mobile phones and laptop computers. Cells of this type (in order of increasing power density and cost) include nickel–cadmium (NiCd), nickel–zinc (NiZn), nickel metal hydride (NiMH), and lithium-ion (Li-ion) cells.
Li-ion has by far the highest share of the dry cell rechargeable market. NiMH has replaced NiCd in most applications due to its higher capacity, but NiCd remains in use in power tools, two-way radios, and medical equipment.
Batteries have two electrodes; an anode, which is the negative end and a cathode, which is the positive end. Together, the anode and the cathode are called the electrodes. Every battery is made of chemicals and metals such as nickel,mercury and lead acid. In between the battery's two electrodes, an electrical current runs. The voltage runs through a chemical known as 'electrolyte', which is in either liquid or solid state. A battery with two electrodes is called a voltaic cell.
Today, batteries are made up of plates with the help of reactive chemicals that are separated by barriers. These barriers are polarized so that all the electrons gather on one side. The side where they gather becomes negatively charged and the other side becomes positively charged. When we connect a device, it creates a current and the electrons flow through the device to the positive side. At the same time, an electrochemical reaction takes place inside the batteries, which cause the electrons to replenish. The result is a chemical process that creates electrical energy.
In a non-rechargeable battery, these changes are irreversible. A rechargeable battery, however, can efficiently reverse the chemical changes that occur during the discharge process. In this manner, it is restored to full charge and is fit for use repeatedly
The ability for reverse reaction, however, is not the sole characteristic of a rechargeable battery. It must also be able to undergo the reverse reaction both efficiently and safely multiple times. Some batteries can be recharged but because the chemical reactions are not completely reversed, they are only able to undergo the recharging process a few times and their performance is less efficient each time. Additionally, dangerous gases may build up and can lead to explosions or ignition either during or after recharging. Earlier,
It was difficult to find rechargeable batteries of various sizes. But that is not the case anymore. Battery capacities are also increasing, self-discharge rates are getting longer, recharging times are getting shorter, and prices coming down. All of this contributes towards making our lives easier and protects our planet from harmful chemicals and metals found in batteries.
We know that rechargeable batteries will not last indefinitely, but they are definitely better options than disposable batteries and they do help in saving our planet as well
2.1.3 VOLT DC PUMP
A pump is a device that moves fluids (liquids or gases), or sometimes slurries, by mechanical action. Pumps can be classified into three major groups according to the method they use to move the fluid: direct lift, displacement, and gravity pumps.
Pumps operate by some mechanism (typically reciprocating or rotary), and consume energy to perform mechanical work by moving the fluid. Pumps operate via many energy sources, including manual operation, electricity, engines, or wind power, come in many sizes, from microscopic for use in medical applications to large industrial pumps
.
Mechanical pumps serve in a wide range of applications such as pumping water from wells, aquarium filtering, pond filtering and aeration, in the car industry for water-cooling and fuel injection, in the energy industry for pumping oil and natural gas or for operating cooling towers. In the medical industry,
Pumps are used for biochemical processes in developing and manufacturing medicine, and as artificial replacements for body parts, in particular the artificial heart and penile prosthesis.
DC powered pumps use direct current from motor, battery, or solar power to move fluid in a variety of ways. Motorized pumps typically operate on 6, 12, 24, or 32 volts of DC power. Solar-powered DC pumps use photovoltaic (PV) panels with solar cells that produce direct current when exposed to sunlight.
An electric pump has a similar diaphragm-and-valve arrangement, but instead of the camshaft, a solenoid (an electromagnetic switch) provides the pull on the diaphragm.
The solenoid attracts an iron rod that pulls the diaphragm down, drawing petrol into the chamber, at the end of its travel the iron rod forces apart a set of contacts, breaking the current to the electromagnet and relaxing the pull on the diaphragm.
When the diaphragm return spring raises the diaphragm, it also pulls the rod away from the contacts; they then close so that the solenoid pulls the rod and diaphragm down again.
Voltage of the solar pump motors can be AC (alternating current) or DC (direct current). Direct current motors are used for small to medium applications up to about 3 kW rating, and are suitable for applications such as garden fountains, landscaping, drinking water for livestock, or small irrigation projects.
Since DC systems tend to have overall higher efficiency levels than AC pumps of a similar size, the costs are reduced as smaller solar panels can be used
2.1.4 Nozzle:
A nozzle is a device designed to control the direction or characteristics of a fluid flow (especially to increase velocity) as it exits (or enters) an enclosed chamber or pipe a nozzle is often a pipe or tube of varying cross sectional area, and it can be used to direct or modify the flow of a fluid (liquid or gas).
Nozzles are frequently used to control the rate of flow, speed, direction, mass, shape, and/or the pressure of the stream that emerges from them. In nozzle velocity of fluid increases on the expense of its pressure energy
2.2 CONSTRUCTION
A solar air freshening system which consists solar panel, battery, dc sprayer. The solar panel is allowed to expose to sunlight .The photons falls on the solar panel and movement of electrons in the solar panel which generates dc current. The solar power from the solar panel is stored to a battery in direct current form then the battery is connected to switch which can be used for our purpose. The switch is connected to dc sprayer where the dc sprayer disperses the fragrance from the container to surroundings through nozzle.
2.3 WORKING PRINCIPLE
The present invention relates generally to air freshener and more specifically it relates to a solar-power battery air freshener with oscillating fan for providing a device with solar-power battery utilizing the energy derived from natural sunlight or light emitted from regular room light fixture.
The solar-power battery is operationally connected to an oscillating device wherein a fan is connected. The oscillating or to and fro movement of the fan moves fragrance emitted from the volatile substance of the fragrance out of the housing to the room or vehicle being freshened.
It can be appreciated that air freshener have been in use for years. Typically, air freshener are comprised of an air freshener device and cartridge with battery as means of power. An air freshener device utilizing an air conditioning system which releases the evaporated volatile substance into the air to produce an odor.an air flow induction device air freshening apparatus with a fan mounted in the housing. A fan driven by a motor is connected with the battery.
A room air freshening device that uses light bulb for vaporization of liquid. It works when the light bulb is turned on to heat and vaporize fragrance to permeate the room.an air freshening apparatus which is plugged into a standard cigarette lighter socket of vehicles, utilizing an electric motor within the housing with a propeller fastened to its shaft.
While these devices may be suitable for the particular purpose to which they address, they are not as suitable for providing a device with solar-power battery utilizing the energy derived from natural sunlight or light emitted from regular room light fixture. The solar-power battery is operationally connected to an oscillating device wherein a fan is connected.
The oscillating or to and fro movement of the fan moves fragrance emitted from the volatile substance of the fragrance out of the housing to the room or vehicle being freshened. The main problem with conventional air freshener are that, as in the devices need the usage of batteries.
The utilization of batteries to power the devices need more attention to the operation of the devices, need the constant change of batteries, add more cost to the device because of the cost of batteries. Another problem is that, as in the device uses the air conditioning system to release the evaporated volatile substance into the air to produce an odor.
The utilization of the air conditioning system makes the device depended on the time the air conditioning system is working. Also, another problem is that, as in the room freshener device utilizes a light bulb that is plugged to the electrical system. The light bulb has to be turned on and at the same time consume electricity to function. Another problem with existing products is that, as the air freshening device is plugged into a standard device as in this case the cigarette lighter socket in a vehicle.
Another problem with existing products is that, as in the air freshening device is plugged into a standard cigarette lighter socket in a vehicle. Again, the device is dependent on another device as in this case the cigarette lighter, which on occasion may not be functioning.
In these respects, the solar-power battery air freshener with oscillating fan according to the present invention substantially departs from the conventional concepts and designs of the prior art, and in so doing provides an apparatus primarily developed for the purpose of providing a device with solar-power battery utilizing the energy derived from natural sunlight or light emitted from regular room light fixture.
The solar-power battery is operationally connected to an oscillating device wherein a fan is connected. The oscillating or to and fro movement of the fan moves fragrance emitted from the volatile substance of the fragrance out of the housing to the room or vehicle being freshened
BLOCK DIAGRAM
CHAPTER 3
ADVANTAGES:
Low of cost
Positive change in mood
Killing airborne pathogens
Simple in design
CHAPTER 4
APPLICATIONS:
Agricultural purpose
Used as room freshener
Used as room Sprayer
CHAPTER 4
FURTHER MODIFICATION:
Agriculture purposes (fertilizers sprayer)
Toy products
Spraying purposes
Garden purposes
CHAPTER 4
CONCLUSION:
Thus we conclude that solar power air freshening system is a advance trend system for future generation .The solar power air freshening system which helps to create a pleasant surroundings. This method is considered as one of the best method of utilization of renewable source of energy.
CHAPTER 4
PHOTOGRAPHY
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In view of the foregoing disadvantages inherent in the known types of air freshener now present in the prior art, the present invention provides a new solar-power battery air freshener with oscillating fan construction wherein the same can be utilized for providing a device with solar-power battery utilizing the energy derived from natural sunlight or light emitted from regular room light fixture. The solar-power battery is operationally connected to an oscillating device wherein a fan is connected. The oscillating or to and fro movement of the fan moves fragrance emitted from the volatile substance of the fragrance out of the housing to the room or vehicle being freshened.
The general purpose of the present invention, which will be described subsequently in greater detail, is to provide a new solar-power battery air freshener with oscillating fan that has many of the advantages of the air freshener mentioned heretofore and many novel features that result in a new solar-power battery air freshener with oscillating fan which is not anticipated, rendered obvious, suggested, or even implied by any of the prior art air freshener, either alone or in any combination thereof.
To attain this, the present invention generally comprises a solar-power battery is attached to a housing which contains a circuit a coil and magnets connected to a vertical iron plates. The vertical iron plate's upper portion is connected to a shaft which gives the iron plate the mobility to oscillate due to the reaction of the coil and the magnet.
A bracket is attached to the iron plate in such a manner that a fan can be attached to the bracket. The container which has fragrance emitting substance is directly under the fan. When the oscillating motion of the fan takes place because of the interaction of all the component parts of my invention, fragrance air is forced out of the housing through the air vents strategically located on the housing of my invention
The solar-power battery is a device which absorbs the energy emitted from sunlight or light from regular light fixtures and transforms the energy into power. The housing is a formed or injected container made of elastic or molded material. A circuit is a path which provides a continuous passage of electricity. A coil is a winded wire usually made of copper. The fan is a molded or injected component structure which is designed to move or circulate air when in operation. The container is a molded, injected, or stamped structure normally used to hold substances in solid or liquid form. The fragrance is the scent emitted by pleasant odor producing substance. The air vent is a passage normally in a structure which permits air flow to and from the structure. The magnet is a body which attracts metal. The iron plate is a formed metal structure. A shaft is a cylindrical, slender metal object. A bracket is a formed part designed to serve as a support.
1.2 INTRODUCTION ABOUT SOLAR ENERGY
Solar energy has the greatest potential of all the sources of renewable energy and if only a small amount of this form of energy could be used, it will be one of the most important supplies of energy especially when other sources in the country have depleted. It can be harvested by using solar panel. In India, electrical and diesel-powered water pumping systems are widely utilized for irrigation applications. The continuous exhaustion of conventional energy sources and their environmental impacts have created an interest in choosing RESs such as solar-photovoltaic, solar-thermal, wind energy, producer gas and biomass sources to power water pumping systems. The need for the optimum utilization of water and energy resources has become a vital issue during the last decade
An electric battery is a device consisting of one or more electrochemical cells that convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy. Each cell contains a positive terminal, or cathode, and a negative terminal, or anode. Electrolytes allow ions to move between the electrodes and terminals, which allows current to flow out of the battery to perform work. DC powered pumps use direct current from battery to move fluid from the reservoir and send it through the copper tube connected in the outlet of the dc pump and the copper tube containing water is allowed to pass through a vessel containing hot water .the heat from the hot water are passes to copper tube and water flowing through copper tube absorb water from the tube .this setup acts as a heat exchanger
Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the sun harnessed using a range of ever-evolving technologies such as solar heating, solar photovoltaic, solar thermal energy, solar architecture and artificial photosynthesis. It is an important source of renewable energy and its technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar or active solar depending on the way they capture and distribute solar energy or convert it into solar power about half the incoming solar energy reaches the Earth's surface.
The Earth receives 174 pet watts (PW) of incoming solar radiation (insolation) at the upper atmosphere. Approximately 30% is reflected back to space while the rest is absorbed by clouds, oceans and land masses. The spectrum of solar light at the Earth's surface is mostly spread across the visible and near-infrared ranges with a small part in the near-ultraviolet.
Earth's land surface, oceans and atmosphere absorb solar radiation, and this raises their temperature. Warm air containing evaporated water from the oceans rises, causing atmospheric circulation or convection. When the air reaches a high altitude, where the temperature is low, water vapor condenses into clouds, which rain onto the Earth's surface, completing the water cycle. The latent heat of water condensation amplifies convection, producing atmospheric phenomena such as wind, cyclones and anti-cyclones. Sunlight absorbed by the oceans and land masses keeps the surface at an average temperature of 14 °C. By photosynthesis green plants convert solar energy into chemical energy, which produces food, wood and the biomass from which fossil fuels are derived.
The total solar energy absorbed by Earth's atmosphere, oceans and landmasses is approximately 3,850,000 exajoules (EJ) per year. In 2002, this was more energy in one hour than the world used in one year. Photosynthesis captures approximately 3,000 EJ per year in biomass. The technical potential available from biomass is from 100–300 EJ/year. The amount of solar energy reaching the surface of the planet is so vast that in one year it is about twice as much as will ever be obtained from all of the Earth's non-renewable resources of coal, oil, natural gas, and mined uranium combined,
Solar energy refers primarily to the use of solar radiation for practical ends. However, all renewable energies, other than geothermal and tidal, derive their energy from the sun Solar technologies are broadly characterized as either passive or active depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute sunlight. Active solar techniques use photovoltaic panels, pumps, and fans to convert sunlight into useful outputs. Passive solar techniques include selecting materials with favorable thermal properties, designing spaces that naturally circulate air, and referencing the position of a building to the Sun.
Active solar technologies increase the supply of energy and are considered supply side technologies, while passive solar technologies reduce the need for alternate resources and are generally considered demand side technologies. CSP-Sterling is known to have the highest efficiency of all solar technologies (around 30%, compared to solar PV's approximately 15%) and is predicted to be able to produce the cheapest energy among all renewable energy sources in high scale production and hot areas, semi-deserts, etc.
1.3 PRINCIPLE OF SOLAR PANEL
Solar power and solar panels are getting a lot of attention as part of the solution to our energy crisis. Solar energy, also called photovoltaic energy, is undergoing rapid changes thanks to massive investment in research and development. This article will discuss the basic makeup of photovoltaic in hopefully easy-to-understand terms.
A solar panel is made of several photovoltaic cells. The cells are very thin, about 1/100th of an inch thick and usually 3 to 4 inches square. These cells convert sunlight to energy by the photovoltaic effect (we will discuss this effect in detail in a later article). These cells do not require fuel and have a standard lifetime of 20-30 years.
Photovoltaic (PV) cells are assembled together to create a solar module. The module is what you are used to seeing as a panel. It has anywhere from 2 to 200 cells assembled together, encased in tempered glass and aluminium to make them weather resistant
Like batteries, cells can be combined in series or in parallel to create larger and more specific voltages and amperages. For instance, four 1-volt/1-amp cells in series will combine for 4 volts, but the amperage will stay at 1 amp. By contrast, four 1-volt/1-amp cells in parallel will maintain 1 volt but have 4 amps of output. You can multiply the amperage by the wattage (in the example above 4 x 1) to get the watts generated. A watt is a measure of energy (think of a 40-watt light bulb).
Modules can be made in a many sizes and shapes to fit their application. Panels come in standard rectangular, triangular, foldable, and even thin-film rolls. This means they can be used in a wide variety of applications, from boats and rv's to electric cars and space stations.
Modules are combined to create solar arrays. An array is a group of modules assembled together and designed to meet a certain electrical load. You've probably seen most arrays mounted on the rooftops of homes. These arrays are designed to generate a certain amount of electricity over the course of a year.
Generally solar modules convert about 10-15% of the energy that strikes them into electricity. This means that for every 100 units of energy that actually hit the panel, only 15 of them actually enter the home as electricity. This is the biggest area of research now, as scientists recognize that significant advancements in solar efficiency will lead to cheaper solar energy.
Panels generate direct current (DC) electricity. Think of a garden hose that is simply turned on produces water in a steady stream. Most household electronics and the electrical power grid are designed to take alternating current (AC) power. Now imagine that the water of coming out of the garden hose is being turned off and on so quickly that it has a "pulse". This is done because AC power travels over long distances much more efficiently.
To understand the basic principle of battery properly, first, we should have some basic concept of electrolytes and electrons affinity. Actually, when two dissimilar metals or metallic compounds are immersed in an electrolyte, there will be a potential difference produced between these metals or metallic compounds.
It is found that, when some specific compounds are added to water, they get dissolved and produce negative and positive ions. This type of compound is called an electrolyte. The popular examples of electrolytes are almost all kinds of salts, acids, and bases etc.
The energy released during accepting an electron by a neutral atom is known as electron affinity. As the atomic structure for different materials are different, the electron affinity of different materials will differ. If two different kinds of metals or metallic compounds are immersed in the same electrolyte solution, one of them will gain electrons and the other will release electrons. Which metal (or metallic compound) will gain electrons and which will lose them depends upon the electron affinities of these metals or metallic compounds.
The metal with low electron affinity will gain electrons from the negative ions of the electrolyte solution. On the other hand, the metal with high electron affinity will release electrons and these electrons come out into the electrolyte solution and are added to the positive ions of the solution.
This way one of these metals or compounds gains electrons and another one loses electrons. As a result, there will be a difference in electron concentration between these two metals. This difference of electron concentration causes an electrical potential difference to develop between the metals. This electrical potential difference or emf can be utilized as a source of voltage in any electronics or electrical circuit. This is a general and basic principle of battery.
1.4 PRINCIPLE OF DC PUMP
Fuel pumps come in various shapes and sizes and of various. But if you understand the working principle of at least one of the pumps, others should follow suit. In this article I will explain the working of a typical valve controlled fuel pump. You will be in a better position to understand the text below if you correlate it with the adjacent diagram.
The pump plunger is moved upwards by the two piece came through the roller and the guide plunger. A spring forces the guide plunger with the roller down on to the cam, while a second spring presses the pump plunger on to the guide plunger, returning the latter
The suction valve is controlled by spring loaded pins. Pins, which is of adjustable length, obtains motion from the guide plunger through the lever with unequal arms, which rests on the eccentric of the regulating shaft.
CHAPTER 2
MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1COMPONENTS
2.1.1 SOLAR PANEL
Solar energy can be harnessed at different levels around the world, mostly depending on distance from the equator, under the sun, a photovoltaic cell acts as a photosensitive diode that instantaneously converts light – but not heat – into electricity
.
A top, phosphorus-diffused silicon layer carries free electrons – un-anchored particles with negative charges. A thicker, boron doped bottom layer contains holes, or absences of electrons, that also can move freely. In effect, precise manufacturing has instilled an electronic imbalance between the two layers.
Photons bombard and penetrate the cell. They activate electrons, knocking them loose in both silicon layers. Some electrons in the bottom layer sling-shot to the top of the cell.
These electrons flow into metal contacts as electricity, moving into a circuit throughout a 60-cell module. Electrons flow back into the cell via a solid contact layer at the bottom, creating a closed loop or circuit. A PV system typically consists of 4 basic components.
The PV Array: Electricity is generated by solar cells. Individual solar cells are grouped together into a solar “panel” or “module”. Then, several solar modules are grouped together to form a PV array.
The inverter: Power produced by the PV array is direct current, or DC power. That power needs to be converted to alternating current, or AC power, before it can be connected to the utility grid. The inverter is the heart of the system and is responsible for performing this conversion safely and efficiently.
The Utility Meter: The utility meter tells you – and the power company – how much power you’re using as well as how much power you have fed into the utility grid. Many states have programs that credit you for the power that you generate and feed into the grid. The meter tracks the amount of each.
Performance Monitoring: Various forms of meters ranging from simple displays to wireless monitors and web-based data access are used to track the performance of PV systems. There are several options available to suit your specific needs. Engaged in take-back and recycling operations for end-of-life modules. Recycling possibilities depend on the kind of technology used in the modules:
Silicon based modules: aluminum frames and junction boxes are dismantled manually at the beginning of the process This process can be performed by flat glass recyclers since morphology and composition of a PV module is similar to those flat glasses used in the building and automotive industry.
The recovered glass for example is readily accepted by the glass foam and glass insulation industry Over 95 % of all the solar cells produced in the world consist of the semiconductor material silicon (Si).
Silicon has the advantage of being available in sufficient amounts as it is the second most common element in the Earth’s crust.
Moreover, the crystal can be processed in an environmentally compatible way
Over 95 % of all the solar cells produced in the world consist of the semiconductor material silicon (Si). Silicon has the advantage of being available in sufficient amounts as it is the second most common element in the Earth’s crust. Moreover, the crystal can be processed in an environmentally compatible way
There are three cell types, depending on the type of crystal: mono crystalline, polycrystalline and amorphous. The different cell types differ in terms of their production costs and the different efficiency values.
The efficiency values of amorphous cells ("thin-film cells") are below those of the other two cell types; but then they are cheaper due to the less cost-intensive manufacturing process.
Most parts of a solar module can be recycled including up to 97% of certain semiconductor materials or the glass as well as large amounts of ferrous and non-ferrous metals. Some private companies and non-profit organizations are currently
.
Non-silicon based modules: they require specific recycling technologies such as the use of chemical baths in order to separate the different semiconductor materials. For cadmium telluride modules, the recycling process begins by crushing the module and subsequently separating the different fractions.
This recycling process is designed to recover up to 90% of the glass and 95% of the semiconductor materials contained. Some commercial-scale recycling
Facilities have been created in recent years by private companies.
2.1.2 DC BATTERY
An electric battery is a device consisting of one or more electrochemical cells that convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy. Each cell contains a positive terminal, or cathode, and a negative terminal, or anode. Electrolytes allow ions to move between
The electrodes and terminals, which allows current to flow out of the battery to perform work. Primary (single-use or "disposable") batteries are used once and discarded; the electrode materials are irreversibly changed during discharge.
Common examples are the alkaline battery used for flashlights and a multitude of portable devices. Secondary (rechargeable batteries) can be discharged and recharged multiple times; the original composition of the electrodes can be restored by reverse current.
Examples include the lead-acid batteries used in vehicles and lithium ion batteries used for portable electronics are usually assembled with active materials are usually assembled with active materials are usually assembled with active materials are usually assembled with active materials
Recharged by applying electric current, which reverses the chemical reactions that occur during discharge/use. Devices to supply the appropriate current are called chargers The oldest form of rechargeable battery is the lead–acid battery.
This technology contains liquid electrolyte in an unsealed container, requiring that the battery be kept upright and the area be well ventilated to ensure safe dispersal of the hydrogen gas it produces during overcharging. The lead–acid battery is relatively heavy for the amount of electrical energy it can supply.
Its low manufacturing cost and its high surge current levels make it common where its capacity (over approximately 10 Ah) is more important than weight and handling issues. A common application is the modern car battery, which can, in general, deliver a peak current of 450 amperes.
The sealed valve regulated lead–acid battery (VRLA battery) is popular in the automotive industry as a replacement for the lead–acid wet cell. The VRLA battery uses an immobilized sulfuric acid electrolyte, reducing the chance of leakage and extending shelf life VRLA batteries immobilize the electrolyte.
The two types are Gel batteries (or "gel cell") use a semi-solid electrolyte. Absorbed Glass Mat (AGM) batteries absorb the electrolyte in a special fiberglass matting. Other portable rechargeable batteries include several sealed "dry cell" types, which are useful in applications
Such as mobile phones and laptop computers. Cells of this type (in order of increasing power density and cost) include nickel–cadmium (NiCd), nickel–zinc (NiZn), nickel metal hydride (NiMH), and lithium-ion (Li-ion) cells.
Li-ion has by far the highest share of the dry cell rechargeable market. NiMH has replaced NiCd in most applications due to its higher capacity, but NiCd remains in use in power tools, two-way radios, and medical equipment.
Batteries have two electrodes; an anode, which is the negative end and a cathode, which is the positive end. Together, the anode and the cathode are called the electrodes. Every battery is made of chemicals and metals such as nickel,mercury and lead acid. In between the battery's two electrodes, an electrical current runs. The voltage runs through a chemical known as 'electrolyte', which is in either liquid or solid state. A battery with two electrodes is called a voltaic cell.
Today, batteries are made up of plates with the help of reactive chemicals that are separated by barriers. These barriers are polarized so that all the electrons gather on one side. The side where they gather becomes negatively charged and the other side becomes positively charged. When we connect a device, it creates a current and the electrons flow through the device to the positive side. At the same time, an electrochemical reaction takes place inside the batteries, which cause the electrons to replenish. The result is a chemical process that creates electrical energy.
In a non-rechargeable battery, these changes are irreversible. A rechargeable battery, however, can efficiently reverse the chemical changes that occur during the discharge process. In this manner, it is restored to full charge and is fit for use repeatedly
The ability for reverse reaction, however, is not the sole characteristic of a rechargeable battery. It must also be able to undergo the reverse reaction both efficiently and safely multiple times. Some batteries can be recharged but because the chemical reactions are not completely reversed, they are only able to undergo the recharging process a few times and their performance is less efficient each time. Additionally, dangerous gases may build up and can lead to explosions or ignition either during or after recharging. Earlier,
It was difficult to find rechargeable batteries of various sizes. But that is not the case anymore. Battery capacities are also increasing, self-discharge rates are getting longer, recharging times are getting shorter, and prices coming down. All of this contributes towards making our lives easier and protects our planet from harmful chemicals and metals found in batteries.
We know that rechargeable batteries will not last indefinitely, but they are definitely better options than disposable batteries and they do help in saving our planet as well
2.1.3 VOLT DC PUMP
A pump is a device that moves fluids (liquids or gases), or sometimes slurries, by mechanical action. Pumps can be classified into three major groups according to the method they use to move the fluid: direct lift, displacement, and gravity pumps.
Pumps operate by some mechanism (typically reciprocating or rotary), and consume energy to perform mechanical work by moving the fluid. Pumps operate via many energy sources, including manual operation, electricity, engines, or wind power, come in many sizes, from microscopic for use in medical applications to large industrial pumps
.
Mechanical pumps serve in a wide range of applications such as pumping water from wells, aquarium filtering, pond filtering and aeration, in the car industry for water-cooling and fuel injection, in the energy industry for pumping oil and natural gas or for operating cooling towers. In the medical industry,
Pumps are used for biochemical processes in developing and manufacturing medicine, and as artificial replacements for body parts, in particular the artificial heart and penile prosthesis.
DC powered pumps use direct current from motor, battery, or solar power to move fluid in a variety of ways. Motorized pumps typically operate on 6, 12, 24, or 32 volts of DC power. Solar-powered DC pumps use photovoltaic (PV) panels with solar cells that produce direct current when exposed to sunlight.
An electric pump has a similar diaphragm-and-valve arrangement, but instead of the camshaft, a solenoid (an electromagnetic switch) provides the pull on the diaphragm.
The solenoid attracts an iron rod that pulls the diaphragm down, drawing petrol into the chamber, at the end of its travel the iron rod forces apart a set of contacts, breaking the current to the electromagnet and relaxing the pull on the diaphragm.
When the diaphragm return spring raises the diaphragm, it also pulls the rod away from the contacts; they then close so that the solenoid pulls the rod and diaphragm down again.
Voltage of the solar pump motors can be AC (alternating current) or DC (direct current). Direct current motors are used for small to medium applications up to about 3 kW rating, and are suitable for applications such as garden fountains, landscaping, drinking water for livestock, or small irrigation projects.
Since DC systems tend to have overall higher efficiency levels than AC pumps of a similar size, the costs are reduced as smaller solar panels can be used
2.1.4 Nozzle:
A nozzle is a device designed to control the direction or characteristics of a fluid flow (especially to increase velocity) as it exits (or enters) an enclosed chamber or pipe a nozzle is often a pipe or tube of varying cross sectional area, and it can be used to direct or modify the flow of a fluid (liquid or gas).
Nozzles are frequently used to control the rate of flow, speed, direction, mass, shape, and/or the pressure of the stream that emerges from them. In nozzle velocity of fluid increases on the expense of its pressure energy
2.2 CONSTRUCTION
A solar air freshening system which consists solar panel, battery, dc sprayer. The solar panel is allowed to expose to sunlight .The photons falls on the solar panel and movement of electrons in the solar panel which generates dc current. The solar power from the solar panel is stored to a battery in direct current form then the battery is connected to switch which can be used for our purpose. The switch is connected to dc sprayer where the dc sprayer disperses the fragrance from the container to surroundings through nozzle.
2.3 WORKING PRINCIPLE
The present invention relates generally to air freshener and more specifically it relates to a solar-power battery air freshener with oscillating fan for providing a device with solar-power battery utilizing the energy derived from natural sunlight or light emitted from regular room light fixture.
The solar-power battery is operationally connected to an oscillating device wherein a fan is connected. The oscillating or to and fro movement of the fan moves fragrance emitted from the volatile substance of the fragrance out of the housing to the room or vehicle being freshened.
It can be appreciated that air freshener have been in use for years. Typically, air freshener are comprised of an air freshener device and cartridge with battery as means of power. An air freshener device utilizing an air conditioning system which releases the evaporated volatile substance into the air to produce an odor.an air flow induction device air freshening apparatus with a fan mounted in the housing. A fan driven by a motor is connected with the battery.
A room air freshening device that uses light bulb for vaporization of liquid. It works when the light bulb is turned on to heat and vaporize fragrance to permeate the room.an air freshening apparatus which is plugged into a standard cigarette lighter socket of vehicles, utilizing an electric motor within the housing with a propeller fastened to its shaft.
While these devices may be suitable for the particular purpose to which they address, they are not as suitable for providing a device with solar-power battery utilizing the energy derived from natural sunlight or light emitted from regular room light fixture. The solar-power battery is operationally connected to an oscillating device wherein a fan is connected.
The oscillating or to and fro movement of the fan moves fragrance emitted from the volatile substance of the fragrance out of the housing to the room or vehicle being freshened. The main problem with conventional air freshener are that, as in the devices need the usage of batteries.
The utilization of batteries to power the devices need more attention to the operation of the devices, need the constant change of batteries, add more cost to the device because of the cost of batteries. Another problem is that, as in the device uses the air conditioning system to release the evaporated volatile substance into the air to produce an odor.
The utilization of the air conditioning system makes the device depended on the time the air conditioning system is working. Also, another problem is that, as in the room freshener device utilizes a light bulb that is plugged to the electrical system. The light bulb has to be turned on and at the same time consume electricity to function. Another problem with existing products is that, as the air freshening device is plugged into a standard device as in this case the cigarette lighter socket in a vehicle.
Another problem with existing products is that, as in the air freshening device is plugged into a standard cigarette lighter socket in a vehicle. Again, the device is dependent on another device as in this case the cigarette lighter, which on occasion may not be functioning.
In these respects, the solar-power battery air freshener with oscillating fan according to the present invention substantially departs from the conventional concepts and designs of the prior art, and in so doing provides an apparatus primarily developed for the purpose of providing a device with solar-power battery utilizing the energy derived from natural sunlight or light emitted from regular room light fixture.
The solar-power battery is operationally connected to an oscillating device wherein a fan is connected. The oscillating or to and fro movement of the fan moves fragrance emitted from the volatile substance of the fragrance out of the housing to the room or vehicle being freshened
BLOCK DIAGRAM
CHAPTER 3
ADVANTAGES:
Low of cost
Positive change in mood
Killing airborne pathogens
Simple in design
CHAPTER 4
APPLICATIONS:
Agricultural purpose
Used as room freshener
Used as room Sprayer
CHAPTER 4
FURTHER MODIFICATION:
Agriculture purposes (fertilizers sprayer)
Toy products
Spraying purposes
Garden purposes
CHAPTER 4
CONCLUSION:
Thus we conclude that solar power air freshening system is a advance trend system for future generation .The solar power air freshening system which helps to create a pleasant surroundings. This method is considered as one of the best method of utilization of renewable source of energy.
CHAPTER 4
PHOTOGRAPHY
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